软件工程定律网站采集

lawsofsoftwareengineering.com 这个站做得很漂亮，配色、卡片排版都挺花心思。

首页每张卡片一句话，点进去详情页约 1300 字，含定义 / Takeaways / 例子 / 出处 / 推荐阅读 / 相关定律。

内容都是 Wikipedia 上能查到的经典概念，没有原创理论。它的价值是集中收纳、视觉好看、结构化重述，不是新见解。当 reference 用足够，当 insight 没什么。

学习一些名词也挺好。下面给中英对照，中文是严格按英文翻译的，不扩写。

#	名称	英文描述	中文描述
1	Conway’s Law 康威定律	Organizations design systems that mirror their own communication structure.	组织设计的系统会反映其自身的沟通结构。
2	Premature Optimization 过早优化	Premature optimization is the root of all evil.	过早优化是万恶之源。
3	Hyrum’s Law 海勒姆定律	With a sufficient number of API users, all observable behaviors of your system will be depended on by somebody.	当 API 用户数量足够多时，系统所有可观察到的行为都会被某人依赖。
4	The Boy Scout Rule 童子军规则	Leave the code better than you found it.	让代码比你来时更好。
5	YAGNI 你不会用到的	Don’t add functionality until it is necessary.	在功能必要之前不要添加它。
6	Brooks’s Law 布鲁克斯定律	Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later.	给延期的软件项目增加人手会让它更晚。
7	Gall’s Law 盖尔定律	A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked.	能运转的复杂系统，无一例外是从能运转的简单系统演化而来的。
8	The Law of Leaky Abstractions 抽象漏洞定律	All non-trivial abstractions, to some degree, are leaky.	所有非平凡的抽象，都在某种程度上有漏洞。
9	Tesler’s Law 泰斯勒定律	Every application has an inherent amount of irreducible complexity that can only be shifted, not eliminated.	每个应用都有一定量不可削减的固有复杂度，只能转移，不能消除。
10	CAP Theorem CAP 定理	A distributed system can guarantee only two of: consistency, availability, and partition tolerance.	分布式系统只能在一致性、可用性、分区容忍性中保证两项。
11	Second-System Effect 第二系统效应	Small, successful systems tend to be followed by overengineered, bloated replacements.	小而成功的系统之后，往往跟着过度工程、臃肿的替代品。
12	Fallacies of Distributed Computing 分布式计算谬误	A set of eight false assumptions that new distributed system designers often make.	分布式系统新手常犯的八条错误假设。
13	Law of Unintended Consequences 意外后果定律	Whenever you change a complex system, expect surprise.	每当你改动一个复杂系统，都要预期会有意外。
14	Zawinski’s Law 扎文斯基定律	Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail.	每个程序都会扩张到能收发邮件为止。
15	Dunbar’s Number 邓巴数	There is a cognitive limit of about 150 stable relationships one person can maintain.	一个人能维持的稳定关系存在约 150 人的认知上限。
16	The Ringelmann Effect 林格尔曼效应	Individual productivity decreases as group size increases.	群体规模增大时，个人生产力下降。
17	Price’s Law 普赖斯定律	The square root of the total number of participants does 50% of the work.	参与者总数的平方根的人，完成 50% 的工作。
18	Putt’s Law 普特定律	Those who understand technology don’t manage it, and those who manage it don’t understand it.	懂技术的人不管理技术，管理技术的人不懂技术。
19	Peter Principle 彼得原理	In a hierarchy, every employee tends to rise to their level of incompetence.	在层级体系中，每个员工都倾向于上升到其不胜任的层级。
20	Bus Factor 巴士因子	The minimum number of team members whose loss would put the project in serious trouble.	失去之后会让项目陷入严重麻烦的最少团队成员数。
21	Dilbert Principle 呆伯特原理	Companies tend to promote incompetent employees to management to limit the damage they can do.	公司倾向于把不胜任的员工提到管理岗，以限制他们能造成的损害。
22	Parkinson’s Law 帕金森定律	Work expands to fill the time available for its completion.	工作会扩张到填满可用于完成它的时间。
23	The Ninety-Ninety Rule 九十-九十法则	The first 90% of the code accounts for the first 90% of development time; the remaining 10% accounts for the other 90%.	前 90% 的代码占前 90% 的开发时间；剩下 10% 的代码占另外 90% 的开发时间。
24	Hofstadter’s Law 侯世达定律	It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter’s Law.	它总是比你预期的更久，即使你已经把侯世达定律考虑进去。
25	Goodhart’s Law 古德哈特定律	When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure.	当一个衡量指标成为目标时，它就不再是一个好指标。
26	Gilb’s Law 吉尔布定律	Anything you need to quantify can be measured in some way better than not measuring it.	任何你需要量化的东西，都能以某种比不衡量更好的方式被衡量。
27	Murphy’s Law / Sod’s Law 墨菲定律	Anything that can go wrong will go wrong.	任何可能出错的事都会出错。
28	Postel’s Law 波斯特尔定律	Be conservative in what you do, be liberal in what you accept from others.	自己发出的要保守，接受别人的要宽容。
29	Broken Windows Theory 破窗理论	Don’t leave broken windows (bad designs, wrong decisions, or poor code) unrepaired.	不要让破窗（糟糕的设计、错误的决策或差的代码）放着不修。
30	Technical Debt 技术债	Technical Debt is everything that slows us down when developing software.	技术债就是开发软件时一切让我们变慢的东西。
31	Linus’s Law 林纳斯定律	Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow.	只要有足够多的眼睛，所有 bug 都是浅显的。
32	Kernighan’s Law 柯尼汉定律	Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first place.	调试的难度是最初写代码难度的两倍。
33	Testing Pyramid 测试金字塔	A project should have many fast unit tests, fewer integration tests, and only a small number of UI tests.	一个项目应该有大量快速的单元测试、较少的集成测试，以及只有少量的 UI 测试。
34	Pesticide Paradox 农药悖论	Repeatedly running the same tests becomes less effective over time.	反复运行相同的测试，随着时间推移会越来越无效。
35	Lehman’s Laws of Software Evolution 莱曼软件演化定律	Software that reflects the real world must evolve, and that evolution has predictable limits.	反映真实世界的软件必须演化，而这种演化有可预测的极限。
36	Sturgeon’s Law 斯特金定律	90% of everything is crap.	任何东西的 90% 都是垃圾。
37	Amdahl’s Law 阿姆达尔定律	The speedup from parallelization is limited by the fraction of work that cannot be parallelized.	并行化带来的加速比，受限于无法并行的那部分工作的比例。
38	Gustafson’s Law 古斯塔夫森定律	It is possible to achieve significant speedup in parallel processing by increasing the problem size.	通过增大问题规模，并行处理可以获得显著的加速。
39	Metcalfe’s Law 梅特卡夫定律	The value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of users.	网络的价值与用户数量的平方成正比。
40	DRY 不要重复	Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation.	每一项知识都必须有单一、明确、权威的表达。
41	KISS 保持简单	Designs and systems should be as simple as possible.	设计和系统应该尽可能简单。
42	SOLID Principles SOLID 原则	Five main guidelines that enhance software design, making code more maintainable and scalable.	五条提升软件设计的主要准则，让代码更易维护和扩展。
43	Law of Demeter 迪米特法则	An object should only interact with its immediate friends, not strangers.	一个对象应只与其直接的朋友交互，不与陌生人交互。
44	Principle of Least Astonishment 最小惊讶原则	Software and interfaces should behave in a way that least surprises users and other developers.	软件和界面的行为方式，应当让用户和其他开发者最不感到惊讶。
45	Dunning-Kruger Effect 邓宁-克鲁格效应	The less you know about something, the more confident you tend to be.	你对某件事知道得越少，就越倾向于自信。
46	Hanlon’s Razor 汉隆剃刀	Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity or carelessness.	凡能用愚蠢或粗心充分解释的事，绝不归咎于恶意。
47	Occam’s Razor 奥卡姆剃刀	The simplest explanation is often the most accurate one.	最简单的解释通常是最准确的。
48	Sunk Cost Fallacy 沉没成本谬误	Sticking with a choice because you’ve invested time or energy in it, even when walking away helps you.	因为已经投入了时间或精力而坚持某个选择，即使放弃才对你有益。
49	The Map Is Not the Territory 地图不是疆域	Our representations of reality are not the same as reality itself.	我们对现实的表征并不等同于现实本身。
50	Confirmation Bias 确认偏误	A tendency to favor information that supports our existing beliefs or ideas.	一种偏爱支持我们既有信念或观点的信息的倾向。
51	The Hype Cycle & Amara’s Law 炒作周期与阿玛拉定律	We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the impact in the long run.	我们倾向于高估一项技术的短期效果，低估其长期影响。
52	The Lindy Effect 林迪效应	The longer something has been in use, the more likely it is to continue being used.	一件东西被使用的时间越长，就越有可能继续被使用。
53	First Principles Thinking 第一性原理	Breaking a complex problem into its most basic blocks and then building up from there.	把一个复杂问题拆解为最基本的模块，再从那里向上构建。
54	Inversion 反转思维	Solving a problem by considering the opposite outcome and working backward from it.	通过考虑相反的结果并从中逆推，来解决问题。
55	Pareto Principle 帕累托原则	80% of the problems result from 20% of the causes.	80% 的问题来自 20% 的原因。
56	Cunningham’s Law 坎宁安定律	The best way to get the correct answer on the Internet is not to ask a question, it’s to post the wrong answer.	在互联网上得到正确答案的最佳方式不是提问，而是发一个错误答案。